All
of my previous post dealt with evaluating the great depression. This post will
dig up the past to look for any valuable tool to use for the great recession,
because of its similarity with 1930s depression. 2007 recession in U.S
is anticipated to be the replica of Great Depression.The recession
kicked-off in the same manner as the great depression, with subprime-mortgage
crisis as key event this time and various other factors as its fuel.
Similarities in both, forecast a possible return of the1930s nightmare. But
fundamental analysis clears the air of worry. It shows that the current recession
may be devasting enough, but it is nowhere closer to the 1930s financial
catastrophe. The below table describes how 1930s was far more disastrous than
the 2000s.
DEPRESSION RECESSION
Period
|
1929-1940
|
2007-2012
(expected to go till 2016)
|
Bank Failures
|
9096 (50% of banks)
(Jan 1930-March 1933)
|
57 (0.6% of banks)
(Dec 2007- May 2009)
|
Unemployment Rate
|
25%
|
8.4%
|
Economic Decline
|
-26.5%
(1929-1933)
|
-3.0%
(4th quarter of 2011)
|
Biggest decline in Dow Jones
industrial average
|
-89.2%
(Sept. 3, 1929- July8, 1932)
|
-53.8%
(Oct 9, 2007- March 9, 2009)
|
Change in prices
|
-25%
(1929-1933)
|
+0.5%
(Dec.2007- March 2009)
|
Decline in international trade
|
50%
|
30%
|
Emergency spending programs
|
1.5% of GDP for 1 year
(Increase in 1934 budget deficit)
|
2.5% of GDP for 2 years
(2009 American Reinvestment and
Recovery Act)
|
State’s Response
|
Raises taxes, cut spending
|
Federal stimulus plan gives fiscal
relief to states to lessen impact of tax increases)
|
Increase in money supply by federal
reserve
|
17%
(1933)
|
125%
(Sept. 2008- May 2009)
|
Use of fiscal policy
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
(Source:
US Department of commerce, BEA; FDIC, Federal Reserve; Commerce Department; Dow
Jones; Christina Romer, Obama economic adviser, “Lessons from the Great
Depression for Economic Recovery in 2009” (March 9) and JEC testimony;Jonathon
Eaton, 2010; http://money.cnn.com/news/storysupplement/economy/recession_depression/)
This
gives consolation to lot of Americans, as well as hope that sooner or later we
will get rid of the problem. Now the question is; can we speed up the recovery
by mastering the past lessons learnt?
Past
lessons taught us that tight monetary policy by FED and poor fiscal policy by Hoover
prolonged the recovery of great depression, and the rescue was possible only
when monetary base was expanded. So logically; increasing money supply,
decreasing taxes and increasing government spending would suffice the recovery.
Than why are the policies contradicting their usefulness now? The government have
been pumping sufficient money and engaging in free market, with no satisfactory
result. The fiscal policy is also a failure. Fiscal policy was tried because of
the criticism it bore in 1930s, which stated “Fiscal policy failed to generate
recovery not because it does not work, but because it was not tried.” (E. Cary
Brown). Another lesson of decreasing interest rates and reserve requirements of banks, is also trialed. Instead of supporting recovery they have entangled it more.
It led to easy lending and investment with borrowed money.
Only
one untouched strong combating weapon remains in the bag of past; the advantage
of war . So should America use this weapon? Sorry, but the era has moved forward
and now is the age of Nuclear war, which sadly cannot give any employment or alleviate
production. Hence the past lessons are not applicable to wipe out the financial
crisis faced by this generation. Like the
mechanic cannot work with an old hammer, the policy-makers cannot rely on old strategy.